Ulysses S. Grant and His Journey to Command during the Civil War

Ulysses S. Grant, a notable figure in American history, is remembered for his leadership during the Civil War. This article delves into the reasons behind Grant's decision to join the army and his meteoric rise to command, drawing from both his background as a West Point graduate and the tumultuous events of his time.

From West Point to the Army

West Point Graduate

Grant's journey began at the United States Military Academy at West Point, where he received a commission as a Second Lieutenant in 1843. His graduation marked the start of a career that would eventually lead him to the highest ranks of the Union Army during the Civil War.

Grant's time at West Point was marked by both triumphs and challenges. He graduated towards the bottom of his class, which would later affect his career trajectory in the peacetime Army.

Emotional Crises and the Peacetime Army

No Active Service

After graduation, Grant faced significant challenges in the peacetime Army. In 1854, he was run out of active service by his regimental commander, a period marked by personal and emotional difficulty. This dismissal was a low point in his military career, as he struggled to find a meaningful place within the military establishment.

During this period, Grant experienced periods of frustration and difficulty, leading him to consider other professions. However, his time in the Army had instilled in him a deep sense of duty and a love for military service.

Opportunity in the Civil War

The Civil War

The Civil War presented an unprecedented opportunity for Grant. It was a time of national crisis and turmoil, and the battlefield provided a chance for redemption. In July 1861, Grant was appointed as a Colonel of the 21st Illinois Infantry, marking the beginning of his return to active service.

Over the course of the war, Grant's fortunes turned. A significant gift from Elihu Washburne propelled him forward. This gift, which included the necessary connections and support, paved the way for his promotion to Brigadier General of Volunteers within a few weeks. It was a turning point in Grant's career, and his performance on the battlefield garnered recognition and praise.

Key Battles and Promotions

Grant's rise to command was marked by several key battles and promotions. Notable among them were the Battle of Fort Donelson, the capture of Nashville, and the victory at Shiloh. These victories, though initially seen as slow and contentious, were ultimately instrumental in turning the tide of the war in favor of the Union.

The Civil War provided Grant with the opportunity to demonstrate his military prowess and leadership skills, which were essential for navigating the complexities of the war and achieving success on the battlefield.

Why the Turn to Politics and Military Patronage?

Military Patronage and Political Connections

During his career, Grant faced a pattern of moving between the military and politics, often relying on political patronage for advancement. It was through political connections that he found his way back into the military. His meeting with John Rawlins and the subsequent introduction to Elihu Washburne were pivotal in securing his return to active service.

The connection with Washburne, a powerful figure in Illinois politics, provided Grant with the resources and support he needed to advance in his career. This pattern of navigating between military and political spheres would continue throughout his life, highlighting the interplay between these two domains in his career.

Reflections on Grant's Career

Grant's journey from a West Point graduate to a commanding general in the Civil War is a testament to his resilience and leadership. His rise to command was not without its challenges, including personal and professional setbacks. However, his dedication to the cause and his ability to adapt and learn from these experiences were key to his success.

The turning points in Grant's career, such as the gift from Washburne and his series of victories on the battlefield, marked important moments that turned the tide of his military career. Through his actions and leadership, Grant became one of the most respected generals of the Civil War, laying the foundation for his future role in American history.