Who Achieved More Success: Destroyers or Submarines in World War II?

In the vast and complex landscape of World War II, it's intriguing to explore which type of navy vessel proved more effective in sinking enemy ships. While aircraft carriers and battleships certainly made significant contributions, the roles of destroyers and submarines were equally vital, each with its unique capabilities and tactical advantages.

The Enigma of Submarine Warfare

Submarines, often the unsung heroes of naval warfare, played a crucial role in the battlefields of World War II. Submarine stewards were tasked with silent destruction, stealth, and long-range warfare against enemy shipping. The most notable submarine in the context of this discussion is the USS Tang (ss-306), which successfully sank 33 enemy ships totaling 116,454 tons, making it the most successful US submarine in history in terms of both the number of ships sunk and total tonnage.

The USS Tang, under the command of Lieutenant Commander William B. Harrison Jr., was an integral part of the United States Submarine Force. Its success was attributed to its precise torpedo targeting and strategic tactics. Tragically, the USS Tang met its demise in 1944 when it was hit by one of its own torpedoes, which executed a circular run and struck the vessel from below. This unfortunate incident serves as a stark reminder of the sometimes perilous and unpredictable nature of submarine warfare.

The Unseen Terror: Submarine Strikes

Another submarine that deserves recognition is U48, credited with sinking 51 ships with a total tonnage of 306,874 tons. This feat underscores the significant impact submarines had on enemy supply lines and strategic operations. The effectiveness of submarines often lies in their surprise attack ability and the destruction of entire convoys without detection. U48's success highlights the importance of stealth and strategic positioning in naval warfare.

Destroyer Dominance: The Viking Fleet

On the other side of the coin, destroyers excelled in providing support and defense for larger ships and conducting anti-submarine warfare. During the Atlantic Operations, United States Destroyer Force (DesRon) played a crucial role in defending convoys and liberating occupied territories. Destroyers had speed and maneuverability that made them invaluable in close combat and engaging enemy ships. However, their success in terms of sinking enemy ships often pales in comparison to the submarine success rates in total tonnage and the number of vessels.

Notably, the USS Enterprise, a battleship of the Aircraft Carrier USS Enterprise, achieved major success through its aircraft. With aircraft deployed from its decks, the USS Enterprise managed to sink 71 ships, showcasing the effectiveness of air power in naval combat. This highlights the versatility and complementary roles of different naval assets.

Reflections on Naval Warfare

The success rates and roles of destroyers and submarines in World War II reveal the complex interplay of different naval technologies and tactics. Submarines, with their capacity for surprise and disruption, often dealt significant damage to enemy supply lines and strategic targets. Destroyers, with their speed and versatility, provided defense and support for larger operations.

Understanding the contributions of both destroyers and submarines is vital for students of naval history and military strategy. Each vessel has its strengths and weaknesses, and their success in combat depends on the specific operational context and the tactics employed.

To fully appreciate the contributions of these vessels, it is important to conduct a detailed examination of historical records, analyze statistical data, and consider the specific engagements and missions they undertook during the course of World War II.