Which is Cheaper to Heat Your House: Gas or Electricity?

Introduction

The decision between heating your house with natural gas or electricity is often complex and depends on numerous factors. Understanding the cost implications and performance differences can help you make an informed decision. This article will explore the key factors and provide insights to help you determine which option is more cost-effective.

Cost of Heating with Gas and Electricity

The cost to produce 100,000 BTUs of heat for three different systems in this comparison are as follows:

Gas Furnace Efficiency:

A typical furnace at 88% efficiency: 100,000 BTU / 0.88 (efficiency) 114,636 BTU input 114,636 BTU / 2.74 (therms / 1000 BTU) 3.11 therms

Electric Resistance Heating:

HSPF (Heating Season Performance Factor) 3.41 29.3 kWh (kilo-watt hours) required for 100,000 BTUs 29.3 kWh * 0.25 (cents / kWh) 7.33 dollars

Heat Pump:

HSPF 9.0 11.11 kWh required for 100,000 BTUs 11.11 kWh * 0.25 (cents / kWh) 2.78 dollars

As shown, the choice can vary based on the system used and energy costs.

Cost-Effective Heating Alternatives

While traditional gas and electricity are common options, there are more cost-effective alternatives:

Passive Solar Heating

Passive solar is the most cost-effective method to heat a house. Efficient passive designs can significantly reduce heating costs. Other cost-effective options include:

Burning Wood in Thermally Efficient Heaters

If wood is readily available, burning wood in a thermal mass heater can be a cost-effective solution. For homes with ready access to wood, this alternative can be particularly beneficial.

High-Performance Heat Pumps

A heat pump with high HSPF (9.0) can be an excellent choice in milder climates. Heat pumps are highly efficient and can reduce heating costs by up to 30% compared to electric resistance heating.

Ground source heat pumps are particularly effective given their year-round use and efficiency. They offer substantial cost savings and environmental benefits.

Combining Solar and Heat Pumps

A combination of solar hot air and a ground source heat pump can prove to be a cost-effective solution. Solar panels can supply heat during the day, and the heat pump can supplement during the night or colder periods. This combination can also provide off-grid air conditioning, further enhancing cost savings.

Region and Climate Considerations

Green, below-freezing winters in the US often make natural gas the most cost-effective option. High-efficiency heat pumps can be cost-competitive in chilly regions where electricity costs are manageable. However, in milder climates, electric heat pumps can be a more economical choice, especially when coupled with solar power.

Cost-Effectiveness Factors

Several factors impact the cost-effectiveness of heating your house with gas versus electricity:

Energy Prices

Natural gas tends to be cheaper than electricity in most areas, particularly for heating. Energy prices can vary widely, so it's essential to consider local cost data.

Heating System Efficiency

The efficiency of heating systems greatly influences costs. Gas furnaces typically range from 78% to 95%, while electric heaters can achieve near 100% efficiency. Heat pumps, on the other hand, can be even more efficient, reducing operating costs significantly.

Heating Type

The type of heating system also plays a role. For instance, radiant heat and heat pumps can operate more cost-effectively in mild climates compared to gas furnaces.

Local Climate

In colder regions, gas heating may be more cost-effective due to higher furnace efficiency. In milder climates, electric heat pumps can be more economical.

Installation and Maintenance Costs

Initial setup costs and maintenance can vary significantly. Gas systems often require venting and regular maintenance, while electric systems generally have lower installation costs.

Incentives and Rebates

Many regions offer incentives for using energy-efficient systems and renewable energy sources, which can significantly reduce overall costs. These incentives can be a crucial factor in making the decision.

Conclusion

Choosing between gas and electricity for heating your house depends on a multitude of factors, including energy prices, system efficiency, local climate, and available incentives. By understanding these factors, you can make an informed decision and potentially reduce your heating costs.