Was the Concorde’s Maximum Thrust Always Used During Takeoff?

The iconic supersonic airliner, the Concorde, did not always use its maximum thrust during takeoff, despite its incredible capability. The decision to use maximum thrust was influenced by several factors, including the aircraft's weight, runway length, weather conditions, and operational procedures.

Factors Influencing Takeoff Thrust Settings

Aircraft Weight: The overall takeoff weight, including fuel, passengers, and cargo, significantly impacted the thrust required. Heavier loads necessitated more thrust for a safe and efficient takeoff. For lighter loads, reduced thrust settings could be utilized to save fuel and extend engine life.

Runway Length: On shorter runways, maximum thrust was often employed to ensure sufficient takeoff performance. In contrast, on longer runways, reduced thrust settings were permissible, allowing the pilots to prolong the engine's life and reduce noise pollution during takeoff.

Weather Conditions: Adverse weather conditions, such as high temperatures or strong headwinds, might require the use of maximum thrust to achieve necessary takeoff performance. These conditions could significantly impact the aircraft's speed and lift, necessitating additional power to maintain safety standards.

Operational Procedures: Airlines and pilots adhered to specific operational procedures to ensure the safety and efficiency of each flight. These procedures occasionally involved using reduced thrust to extend engine life and minimize noise, making the Concorde a more environmentally friendly choice despite its reputation for noise.

Short-term Maximum Power Usage

During takeoff, the Concorde employed the full capability of its engines for a brief period, specifically for the first 90 seconds. This included the use of maximum power and reheat (afterburner) to ensure rapid acceleration and steep climbing, significantly reducing the required runway length. This feature enabled the Concorde to operate from any major airport, much like other airliners of similar weight.

Supercruise and Afterburner Usage

After taking off, the Concorde climbed over water, reaching Mach 0.95. At this point, the reheat (afterburner) was activated in pairs for a short burst to reach Mach 1.4, then deactivated. The aircraft then entered a supercruise phase without afterburner, cruising up to Mach 2.0. This phase continued until the fuel was nearly depleted, allowing the aircraft to ascend to its optimal cruising altitude, typically between 59,000 and 60,000 feet. No other aircraft has ever matched the Concorde's long-range supercruise capability.

Witnessing Maximum Thrust in Action

There are countless stories and experiences shared by those who witnessed the Concorde's takeoff. One such story comes from someone who had a permit to drive inside the airport. On a walk to a hanger adjacent to the runway, they heard the Concorde reach its maximum power and throttle setting, producing an intense sound that felt like it was being transmitted through their body. This vivid illustration of the Concorde's remarkable power also highlights why it was not permitted to operate in New York; the sheer noise level was unacceptable.

Overall, the Concorde's takeoff procedures balanced performance needs with operational efficiency, using its maximum thrust capabilities judiciously to ensure both safety and environmental responsibility.