Technology
Understanding the Differences Between Offset Printing and Lithograph Printing
Understanding the Differences Between Offset Printing and Lithograph Printing
Offset printing and lithograph printing are often used interchangeably, but there are some subtle differences that are worth noting. In this article, we will explore the nuances between these two printing techniques, their applications, and how they function within the broader realm of printing.
General Overview of Offset Printing
Offset Printing: Offset printing is a broad term that encompasses various techniques where an image is transferred from a plate to a rubber blanket and then to the printing surface. This method is versatile and can be customized for different substrates and printing plates.
Types of Offset Printing
Offset Lithography: This specific form of offset printing is based on the principle that oil and water do not mix, making it ideal for high-quality commercial printing such as books, magazines, and brochures. Offset Gravure: In this type, the image is engraved into the printing plate, and the ink is rolled directly into the etched areas. This method is best for long runs and high-volume printing. Offset Flexography: Flexography involves a relief plate, typically made from a flexible polymer, which is inked and then printed on a wide range of substrates, including plastics and paper.Specifics of Lithograph Printing
Lithograph Printing: Lithograph printing, a specific technique under the umbrella of offset printing, uses the lithographic process principle. A lithographic plate is used where the image areas attract ink while the non-image areas repel it. This technique ensures precise and detailed prints, making it highly suitable for commercial printing projects.
Modern Offset Lithographic Printing
The process of modern lithographic printing involves the use of metal sheets as printing plates. These sheets are very thin with a photosensitive coating, which is exposed and developed like film. For a more detailed look, here is what a metal offset plate looks like when locked into a modern offset press:
Image Placeholder: Metal offset plate in a modern press
During the process, the blue areas of the metal plate will pick up the ink and transfer it to a blanket on the drum above the plate. This roller then transfers the ink to the printing surface, effectively “offsetting” the image.
Dry Offset Printing
There are different versions of offset lithographic printing. One such method is dry offset, which is explained in the following points:
The metal plate has a polymer surface that is exposed to a film negative. The image is fixed with a chemical during this process. This plate is run on the press without dampening, as the ink adheres only to the image area. A third type involves a right-reading flexible plastic plate that is stuck onto the plate cylinder and run without dampening, allowing the ink to offset onto the blanket and then to the target material.Conclusion
While all offset lithograph printing is a form of offset printing, not all offset printing is lithographic. Offset printing is a diverse field that includes various methods, whereas offset lithograph printing is specifically related to the lithographic process. Understanding these differences is crucial for choosing the right printing technique for a given project.
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