The Mystery of Rare Satellite Footage: Why We Don't See MEO or GEO Footage of LEO Satellites

The absence of footage capturing low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites through high Earth orbit (MEO) and geostationary orbit (GEO) satellites has intrigued orbitologists and enthusiasts alike. This article explores the technical, operational, and regulatory challenges that contribute to the rarity of such footage.

1. Distance and Scale

The significant altitude differences between LEO, MEO, and GEO can make it extraordinarily challenging to capture detailed images of LEO satellites from higher orbits. There are two primary factors at play:

1.1 Altitude Differences

LEO satellites typically orbit between 180 km and 2000 km, while MEO satellites are positioned between 2000 km and 35786 km, and GEO satellites are at an altitude of around 35786 km. These vast differences in altitude make it logistically complex to capture images of smaller LEO satellites from the perspectives of higher orbiting satellites.

1.2 Size of Satellites

Many LEO satellites are relatively small compared to the immense space environment, making them difficult to detect visually from greater distances. Smaller sizes can also impede high-resolution visibility, leading to less distinguishable images even when captured.

2. Optical Limitations

Technical constraints in satellite imaging systems often limit the ability to capture detailed images of LEO satellites. Here are the key limitations:

2.1 Resolution Constraints

The resolution of imaging systems is typically not optimized for spotting small satellites. These systems are generally designed for specific tasks like Earth observation and may lack the precision needed to capture smaller, less detailed objects in space.

2.2 Field of View

Cameras on MEO and GEO satellites are often configured to capture broader swaths of Earth's surface rather than focusing on smaller objects in orbit. This design prioritizes comprehensive monitoring over specific object detection, further complicating the capture of LEO satellite footage.

3. Tracking and Coordination

The varied orbital dynamics and operational coordination required for capturing images between satellites in different orbits present significant challenges. These factors include:

3.1 Orbital Dynamics

Satellites in different orbits have varying velocities and trajectories, making it technically challenging to coordinate the capture of images between them. Timing and visibility windows must be meticulously planned to ensure successful imaging.

3.2 Tracking Systems

Ground-based tracking systems are commonly used to monitor satellite positions. However, these systems may lack the capability to effectively direct satellites in higher orbits to capture specific images of LEO satellites due to limitations in precision and time constraints.

4. Technical and Cost Constraints

The development and deployment of satellites for the purpose of capturing footage of other satellites require significant investment and advanced technology. Despite the potential benefits, this may not always be a priority for satellite operators. Here are the key elements:

4.1 Investment in Technology

Devoting resources to advanced imaging technologies for the sole purpose of capturing satellite footage could outweigh the benefits, especially when other missions such as communication, weather monitoring, and Earth observation have higher priorities.

4.2 Purpose of Satellites

The specific missions for most satellites may not include capturing images of other satellites. This limitation limits the availability of such footage and the resources allocated to it.

5. Regulatory and Privacy Concerns

Regulatory frameworks and privacy concerns also play a crucial role in the scarcity of footage. Understanding these constraints is vital:

5.1 Regulatory Issues

Regulations governing the observation of satellites and space objects aim to prevent interference and ensure the safety of space operations. These regulations can hinder the sharing and broadcasting of satellite footage.

5.2 Privacy and Security

To protect proprietary and security interests, some satellite operators may not permit the release of footage of their satellites. This confidentiality can further limit the availability of such footage.

Conclusion

While the technical capability to capture images of LEO satellites from MEO and GEO satellites exists, the practical challenges and constraints have led to the rarity of such footage. Future advancements in technology and regulatory frameworks may change this scenario, but for now, this type of footage remains scarce.