The History of Pirate Flags: From Jolly Roger to Auditore’s Sign

If you ever thought that pirate flags were always the same, think again. From varied designs to the iconic Jolly Roger, pirate flags have a rich and colorful history. In this article, we will explore the evolution of these symbols, starting with the most recognized of all, the Jolly Roger.

The Emergence of the Jolly Roger

The Jolly Roger, the slanted black flag with a white skull and crossbones, is the most iconic pirate flag we know today. However, it didn’t always exist in the form we recognize. It is believed that the Jolly Roger emerged in the 17th century in the Caribbean, but it took over 100 years for this particular design to become standardized. The name 'Jolly Roger' itself is a bit of an enigma, with various theories surrounding its origin, such as coming from the French term 'Je revoie' meaning 'I return.'

Variations in Pirate Flags

Before the Jolly Roger became the standard, pirates had a wide variety of flags to choose from. Each design carried different meanings, messages, and symbolism. Some pirate flags lacked the crossbones, like the one used by Edward Low, symbolizing their intention to engage in violent acts. Others depicted more grotesque images or messages, like the flag of Bartholemew Roberts showing him and Death holding an hourglass, presumably warning of the brevity of life.

Bartholemew Roberts' Flag

One of the more intricate and sinister flags came from Bartholemew Roberts, who operated near the Florida Straits in the early 18th century. His flag, undeniably gruesome, featured a skull and crossbones but also held a mirror-like surface, suggesting self-reflection or even a reference to the nautical mirror used to reflect sunlight into the eyes of naval enemies. The flag of pirates captured near the Florida Straits is another fascinating example. While the details of this flag are less documented, its presence reminds us that there was no one-size-fits-all design in the pirate world.

The Significance of Colors and Symbols

Color and symbolism played a critical role in pirate flags. Distinctive designs and iconography were meant to communicate intentions to passing ships. Black backgrounds often indicated a promise of mercy—'give quarter'—meaning pirates would not harm the crew if they surrendered. Red backgrounds, on the other hand, usually meant 'no quarter'—pirates would kill all on board without hesitation. Again, it's worth noting that these were not always followed, and the actual behavior of individual pirates could vary widely.

Conclusion

The diversity and complexity of pirate flags reveal a nuanced and sometimes contradictory history. While the Jolly Roger has become a cultural icon, pirate flags were far more varied in their form and meaning. Whether it was Edward Low's aggressive flag or Bartholemew Roberts' more macabre designs, these symbols carried important messages and evoked fear and respect among other sea-faring vessels. Understanding the history of these flags not only provides insight into the lives of pirates but also into the broader cultural and economic contexts of the 17th and 18th centuries.