The German American Bund: Nazis in America during WW2

The German American Bund, a pro-Nazi organization in the United States, was an intriguing chapter in the annals of American history, especially during a period marked by intense political and economic upheaval. This group, established in 1936, boasted thousands of members and played a significant role in spreading Nazi ideology in the United States, a move that would have profound and lasting impacts on American society and foreign policy.

History and Formation

The German American Bund, also known as the German-American Federation, was formed in 1936 to succeed the Friends of New Germany. The organization aimed to promote a favorable view of Nazi Germany and was designed to consist solely of American citizens of German descent. Hitler’s rise to power and the economic chaos of the Great Depression fueled the spread of fascist ideologies, making the Bund one of many such groups in America at the time.

Leadership and Controversies

Fritz Julius Kuhn, the elected leader of the Bund, initially appeared to be a charismatic figure. However, his leadership was soon marred by scandal and controversy. In 1939, Kuhn was accused of embezzling $14,000 from the organization. Despite the Führerprinzip principle, which granted the leader absolute power, New York City's district attorney decided to prosecute Kuhn, leading to a prison sentence of 2.5 to 5 years for tax evasion and embezzlement.

Following Kuhn’s imprisonment, the organization struggled to find new leadership. Gerhard Kunze, who succeeded Kuhn, also faced challenges, including the legal and moral pressure to support Nazi Germany. The 1940 military draft posed a significant threat, as the Bund encouraged its members to evade conscription, a move that could lead to severe penalties.

Governmental Actions and Internments

The United States government took a firm stance against the Bund and other Nazi sympathizers. The House Committee on Un-American Activities, led by Martin Dies, worked to cripple such organizations. In 1942, Kuhn’s U.S. citizenship was revoked, and he was interned by the federal government at Crystal City, Texas, post-release from prison. During the post-war period, Kuhn was interned at Ellis Island and eventually deported to Germany in 1945, where he died in 1951.

Impact and Legacy

The German American Bund’s activities and eventual demise illustrate the complex relationship between American identity and foreign ideologies. Their mission to promote Nazi Germany in the United States faced increasing opposition as global conflicts unfolded. The organization’s contributions to American history underscore the challenges of balancing free speech with national security concerns during times of war.

Conclusion

The German American Bund represents a critical moment in the history of fascism in America. Although they never achieved the level of respectability or influence that some fascism movements sought, the Bund played a significant role in spreading Nazi ideology in the United States. The ultimately downfall of the Bund during World War II serves as a reminder of the dangers of ideological extremism and the importance of maintaining vigilance against internal threats to democratic principles.