The Evolution of Electric Semi-Trucks: Are Short-Range Models Practical?

Electric semi-trucks have been a topic of much discussion, as they offer a sustainable and cleaner alternative to traditional diesel-powered vehicles. However, one common question arises: are short-range electric semi-trucks, with a range of about 80 miles before recharging, truly useful in a shipping and logistics context?

Real-World Scenarios for Electric Semi-Trucks

Imagine you’re the shipping manager for Franz Bread bakery in Spokane, Washington. Many of the stores that sell Franz Bread are located within 40 miles from the bakery. This scenario is a common one in the shipping industry, where short distance city and urban deliveries dominate. These activities involve slower speeds and typically cover distances of 30 to 50 miles.

The limited range of around 80 miles is a significant factor for such scenarios. While some might argue that these short-range electric semi-trucks are not practical for long-distance hauls, they can still be very useful in specific applications. For instance, they can excel in city and urban deliveries, where the driving conditions are often stop-and-go and hold in traffic, leading to higher emissions from idling diesel engines.

Current Electric Semi-Truck Technology

Most electric semi-trucks on the market today have significantly higher ranges, often several hundred miles. A prime example is the Tesla Semi, which boasts a range of 500 miles at full loads and has been proven in real-world operations. However, the 80-mile range is still being explored for certain niche markets.

Currently, the only electric semi-trucks with limited ranges designed specifically for port work often have ranges of 80 miles. These vehicles are primarily used for regional and yard operations, where the driving pattern is more predictable and confined within a smaller area. Unlike long-haul trucks, they do not need to navigate challenging terrains or extensive distances.

Practical Applications of Short-Range Electric Tractors

Short-range electric semi-trucks can be extremely useful in applications such as short-distance city and urban deliveries. These vehicles can significantly reduce pollution in congested areas where stop-and-go traffic and idling are common. Electric semi-trucks in these scenarios can be more cost-effective and environmentally friendly.

Additionally, there is a growing market for trucks with specific ranges. For instance, a 150-mile range tractor unit, a 300-mile range tractor unit, and a 500-mile range tractor unit are all proving to be valuable in different scenarios. These ranges cater to a variety of shipping and logistics needs, ensuring that there is a solution available for every use case.

Drayage and Specific Use Cases

In drayage, where trucks do not travel off the yard and have 16 hours to recharge every night, short-range electric semi-trucks are highly practical. This type of driving often involves moving trailing equipment between trains and parking spots within a single large parking lot, where long-range capabilities are not necessary.

Historically, companies like JB Hunt have shifted some of their newer cabovers to drayage duties before retiring them. The first batch of battery-electric (BEV) tractors exported were used for intermodal drayage in rail yards. This showcases the practicality and efficiency of short-range electric semi-trucks in specific, low-mileage applications.

From regional and city logistics to yard operations, short-range electric semi-trucks can indeed play a pivotal role in the future of shipping and logistics. As technology advances and the infrastructure for electric vehicles improves, we can expect to see more practical and efficient use cases for these vehicles, especially in urban and city environments.