The Dilemma of Integrating 3D Scanning into 3D Printing: A Comprehensive Guide

Recent technological advancements have made 3D printing and scanning more accessible than ever. However, the integration of a 3D scanner directly into a 3D printer remains a challenge. This article explores the feasibility, limitations, and available options for 3D printers equipped with in-built 3D scanners. We will also examine the technical issues and considerations in choosing a suitable model.

Introduction to the Integration Dilemma

Several years ago, DaVinci introduced a 3D printer with an integrated 3D scanner, but the experience was far from satisfactory. The old adage, "a jack of all trades is a master of none," aptly describes the situation. While the integration of both functionalities offers convenience, the trade-offs often outweigh the benefits. In this article, we will delve into the challenges of integrating a 3D scanner with a 3D printer and explore practical solutions.

Technical Challenges in Integrating 3D Scanners with 3D Printers

The primary issue with integrating a 3D scanner into a 3D printer is the need to scan all sides of an object. This requires either moving the scanner or using a turntable to rotate the object. While a turntable might seem like a simple solution, it introduces several problems. A turntable scanner bed is not ideal for 3D printing due to potential instability and movement during the printing process. Even if the turntable is locked down, there may still be slight shifts or wobbles, which can affect the quality of the scan and the print. Additionally, materials like hairspray or glue used to hold prints in place could potentially jam the scanning mechanism.

Another significant challenge is the camera requirements for 3D scanning. Turntable scanners require a minimum distance of 6" to 8" between the cameras and the object, while handheld scanners need a distance of 12" to 24". This distance translates to a requirement for a larger print bed in the 3D printer, increasing its cost. Moreover, the heat generated during the printing process can leave a layer of film on the camera lens, necessitating frequent cleaning.

Accuracy and Quality of 3D Scans: The Toy vs. Practical Solution

The accuracy and quality of 3D scans from devices under $5,000 are often limited. Most low-cost 3D scanners under $5,000 produce scans that need to be printed at a size smaller than the actual object to avoid visible triangle mesh. This intrinsic limitation makes them more suitable for scanned images (like people and organic objects) rather than detailed engineering parts.

For organic objects that are 4" to 8" wide, a Matterform turntable scanner under $800 is a reasonable choice. However, for larger objects, a Structure Sensor for an iPad (or compatible Android tablet) is more appropriate. For precise and comprehensive scans of objects ranging from 4" to 13', higher-end EinScan scanners over $4,000, coupled with a powerful laptop with at least 64GB of RAM, are necessary. For detailed scans of objects under 4", a highly accurate scanner would cost more than a fully-loaded new Mustang convertible.

Conclusion

While the idea of combining 3D scanning and printing into a single device is alluring, the practical realities of such integration present several technical challenges. The need for stability, heat management, and the trade-offs between cost and accuracy are significant factors to consider. For most users, it is more practical to invest in separate 3D scanning and printing equipment. The Matterform turntable scanner and Structure Sensor for iPads (or Android tablets) are excellent mid-range options for those seeking both capabilities at a reasonable price. For the most demanding users, high-end scanners and powerful computing resources may be the best choice.