SAARC's Dilemma: Pakistan's Influence and Future Prospects

The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) has long been a forum that brings together nations from the Indian subcontinent to foster cooperation and diplomatic relations. However, the ongoing Kashmir conflict, with Pakistan as a member, has raised questions about the organization's effectiveness. This article explores the challenges and potential pathways towards a more effective SAARC, with a focus on India and Pakistan's roles.

Understanding the SAARC Framework

SAARC was established in 1985, with its primary objective being to enhance economic, social and cultural cooperation among member states, promote mutual prosperity, and preserve peace. Despite these noble goals, the organization has struggled to achieve its full potential due to complex political and regional dynamics. Pakistan's membership has been a contentious issue, as it remains the focal point of the Kashmir conflict, which continues to undermine the cooperative spirit.

The Kashmir Conflict and SAARC's Challenges

The Kashmir dispute between India and Pakistan is one of the longest-standing conflicts in the region. The issue remains unresolved, despite multiple rounds of dialogue and bilateral efforts. This unresolved conflict has created a significant obstacle for SAARC's effective functioning. Brettwald Mathew, a political analyst, states, "The Kashmir conflict is not just an internal issue. It impacts the broader region and the effectiveness of regional cooperation mechanisms like SAARC."

India's Perspective on SAARC's Impact

India, as the largest economy and most populous country in SAARC, has expressed concerns about the organization's effectiveness. Issues like the ongoing conflict in Kashmir have led to a perception that SAARC has become increasingly defunct. However, India also acknowledges the importance of resolving these issues to unlock the organization's true potential.

India has made several proposals to strengthen SAARC, including initiatives for greater economic cooperation, technological sharing, and cultural exchanges. However, these efforts have been hampered by the unresolved Kashmir issue. Many Indian policymakers suggest that resolving the conflict is essential for SAARC's revitalization. As stated by an Indian minister, 'If the Kashmir issue can be resolved, we can work towards constructing a more functional and effective SAARC.'

The Perspective from Pakistan

Pakistan, on the other hand, holds a different view. The conflict with India is a long-standing and sensitive issue for Pakistan, and many in the Pakistani administration argue that the Kashmir dispute is a bilateral issue that should be resolved through diplomatic means. For Pakistan, resolving the conflict is not just about regional cooperation but also about ending prolonged blockades and achieving the same status as other SAARC members.

C IList of possible solutions to the Kashmir conflict that have been discussed include:

Converting the Line of Control (LOC) into an international border (IB) with proper demilitarization. Allowing greater freedom and autonomy to the people of Jammu and Kashmir (including POK) to ensure they feel safe and secure. Involving people from both sides of the border in the decision-making process to ensure their voices are heard.

Both India and Pakistan have been approached by other SAARC members to find a resolution, highlighting the broader regional interest in a peaceful and cooperative South Asia.

The Role of Other SAARC Members

The other SAARC members, including Bangladesh, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, and the Maldives, play a crucial role in this dynamic. They often find themselves caught between the two powerhouses, India and Pakistan, and are often skeptical of their commitment to regional cooperation. However, these nations recognize the importance of a united South Asia. They have repeatedly called for a resolution of the Kashmir issue to pave the way for greater economic integration and regional stability.

As a key figure in South Asian geopolitics, Bangladesh's former foreign secretary once stated, 'The resolution of the Kashmir issue is critical for creating a more harmonious and cooperative South Asia. It would not only benefit SAARC but also contribute to global peace.' This sentiment is shared by many policymakers and analysts across the region.

Towards a More Effective SAARC

For SAARC to become a more effective organization, both India and Pakistan need to take concrete steps towards resolving the Kashmir conflict. The involvement of other SAARC members in this process could help in ensuring a balanced and fair resolution. The international community, including organizations like the United Nations and regional bodies, can also play a crucial role in facilitating dialogue and promoting peace.

India and Pakistan can start by:

Engaging in more direct and transparent dialogue to address each other's concerns. Inviting external mediators to facilitate discussions and bring both sides closer to a resolution. Trusting the process of international and regional organizations to promote mutual understanding and cooperation.

Conclusion

The South Asian region's future is intricately tied to the resolution of the Kashmir conflict. While the path to cooperation is fraught with challenges, there is a growing recognition among nations that the resolution of this conflict is essential for a more prosperous and stable South Asia. As SAARC members, India and Pakistan must work together to find a lasting solution to the Kashmir issue if they are to realize the full potential of the organization and create a better future for their people.