Introduction to SharePoint Programming Languages

SharePoint is a powerful platform that allows businesses to create, manage, and share information. Its development and customization rely on a variety of programming languages and technologies. This article will delve into the key languages and frameworks used in building and extending SharePoint, including Microsoft's .NET Framework, C#, JavaScript, HTML, CSS, and the more recent additions like TypeScript and the SharePoint Framework.

SharePoint and Microsoft .NET Framework

Microsoft .NET Framework is the primary backbone of SharePoint development. The .NET Framework provides a robust environment for server-side development, enabling developers to write server-side code for SharePoint solutions. C#, one of the most popular languages in the .NET ecosystem, has been widely used in SharePoint development, especially for customizing and extending the platform. Other languages like and F# can also be leveraged for development, but they are less common.

SharePoint Framework and TypeScript

The SharePoint Framework (SPFx) is a development model that has significantly changed the landscape of SharePoint development, moving towards more front-end-friendly technologies. SPFx is built on TypeScript, a language that enhances JavaScript with additional features like classes, interfaces, and modules, making it a robust choice for building client-side applications.

SPFx leverages a modern web development stack, including:

Node.js: A cross-platform, Javascript-based runtime environment that executes Javascript code outside a web browser. Yeoman: A command-line interface for generating boilerplate code. Web stack: A set of technologies for developing and running web applications, including HTML, CSS, and popular front-end libraries like React, Angular, and Vue.js. NPM: Node Package Manager that allows you to install and update packages. Gulp: A task runner that automates and streamlines tasks associated with web development.

PowerShell for Administration and Automation

PowerShell is often utilized for administrative tasks and scripting in SharePoint environments. It provides a powerful and flexible environment for automation and can be used to manage servers, services, and content. This makes it an essential tool for managing SharePoint in a production environment.

HTML and CSS for Web Pages and User Interfaces

SharePoint heavily relies on HTML and CSS for structuring and styling web pages and user interfaces. These languages ensure that SharePoint sites look professional and user-friendly, catering to the diverse needs of end-users.

JavaScript and Other Web Development Technologies

JavaScript is the primary language for writing client-side code in SharePoint, particularly when using the SharePoint Framework. Other web development technologies like Angular and React can be integrated to build rich and interactive user interfaces. These technologies help in creating responsive and performant web applications that deliver a seamless user experience.

Historical Context and Development Landscape

Historically, SharePoint development was more server-side-focused, utilizing languages like C#. However, the recent years have seen a shift towards front-end development. This change is driven by the need for better performance, easier maintenance, and a broader developer audience.

While C# and its .NET Framework remain fundamental, other languages like TypeScript and SPFx have become more prevalent. This shift acknowledges the limitations of older COM components and the advantages of modern front-end technologies. The evolution of SharePoint, from on-premises installations to the cloud, further reinforces the need for a more adaptable and efficient development approach.

Conclusion

SharePoint's development landscape has evolved significantly over the years, shifting from specialized server-side development to a more accessible and modern front-end approach. Understanding the languages and technologies behind SharePoint is crucial for developing efficient and scalable solutions. Whether you are a seasoned developer or a newcomer, this knowledge will help you navigate the complex world of SharePoint development.