Preparing Nitrocellulose with 68 Nitric Acid and 98 Sulfuric Acid: A Step-by-Step Guide

Yes, it is possible to prepare nitrocellulose using 68 nitric acid and 98 sulfuric acid. Nitrocellulose is created through the nitration of cellulose with a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acid. The sulfuric acid reduces water content, enhancing the nitration process. Despite its feasibility, the preparation of nitrocellulose demands rigorous control over reaction parameters to ensure safety and achieve the intended degree of nitration.

Contrary to common belief, the preparation of nitrocellulose does not require super concentrated acids such as oleum or white fuming nitric acid. Many sources, including Cody’s Lab on YouTube, have successfully utilized a 68-70 nitric acid and 98 sulfuric acid mixture to produce nitroglycerin. While highly concentrated acids may be preferred on an industrial scale for efficiency, a 50:50 ratio yields satisfactory results for home-based batches. Temperature control is crucial, and maintaining the temperature between 50°F to low 60°F is recommended to prevent heat-related risks.

Experimental Details and Safety Precautions

Here’s a detailed guide on how to prepare nitrocellulose:

Preparation of the Acid Mixture

Chill the nitric and sulfuric acid below 0°C to minimize the risk of density-induced reactions. In a fume hood or outdoors, mix equal parts of nitric and sulfuric acid in a beaker. Impregnate cotton balls with the acid using a glass stirring rod. Dampness must be controlled, so avoid using metal or bare fingers. Safety equipment, including rubber gloves and safety glasses, is essential.

The Nitration Reaction

Allow the reaction to proceed for approximately 15 minutes. Then, dilute the acidic mixture with cold tap water for a period of time. Neutralize the acid with sodium bicarbonate, or “baking soda,” as bubbles will form during this process. Continue adding small portions of sodium bicarbonate until no further gas is produced. Rinse and flush the nitrated cotton with water until bubbling ceases. Finally, remove the acid to enhance nitrocellulose stability.

Final Steps and Safety

Rinse the nitrated cellulose with tap water and allow it to dry in a cool location. Be cautious when experimenting with the prepared nitrocellulose; small fragments may ignite when exposed to heat or a flame, even in small quantities. Test with very small amounts first, and ensure you have a drying agent, such as sodium bicarbonate, on hand in case of accidents.

Additional Tips for Nitration

If you want to create flash paper, nitrate ordinary paper in the same manner as cotton. This can be done by following the steps provided for cotton preparation, substituting paper for the cotton balls.

Remember, the preparation of nitrocellulose requires careful precision and adherence to safety guidelines. Do not attempt to replicate this process without proper training and a regulated laboratory environment.