Preparation of Lead Sulfate: A Comprehensive Guide Using Lead Oxide, Nitric Acid, Sodium Sulfate, and Water

Lead sulfate (PbSO4) is an important compound with various applications in the industry, including in battery manufacturing and pigments. This article provides a detailed guide on how to prepare lead sulfate from lead oxide (PbO), nitric acid (HNO3), sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), and water. Following this method ensures the efficient utilization of the given reagents and leads to the desired compound.

Materials Needed

PbO (Lead Oxide) HNO3 (Nitric Acid) Na2SO4 (Sodium Sulfate) Distilled Water Beaker Stirring Rod Heat Source (if necessary)

Procedure

Dissolve Lead Oxide in Nitric Acid

In a beaker, add a measured amount of PbO. Slowly add nitric acid (HNO3) to the PbO while stirring. This reaction produces lead(II) nitrate (Pb(NO3)2) and water.

Chemical Equation:

PbO 2HNO3(aq) → Pb(NO3)2(aq) H2O

Prepare Sodium Sulfate Solution

In another container, dissolve sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) in distilled water to create a concentrated solution.

Mix the Solutions

Once the PbO is completely dissolved in nitric acid, slowly add the sodium sulfate solution to the lead(II) nitrate solution while stirring continuously. This will result in the formation of lead sulfate (PbSO4) as a precipitate. The chemical reaction is as follows:

Pb(NO3)2(aq) Na2SO4(aq) → PbSO4(ppt) 2NaNO3(aq)

Filter the Precipitate

After the reaction is complete and the precipitate has formed, use a filter paper and funnel to separate the lead sulfate precipitate from the sodium nitrate solution.

Wash and Dry

Wash the precipitate with distilled water to remove any remaining sodium nitrate. Allow the lead sulfate to dry.

Safety Precautions

Perform the experiment in a well-ventilated area or a fume hood to minimize exposure to hazardous chemicals. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves and goggles, as both nitric acid and lead compounds are highly toxic.

Conclusion

Upon completing these steps, you will have lead sulfate (PbSO4) as a white precipitate. This method efficiently utilizes the given reagents to produce the desired compound, making it a valuable process in various industrial applications.

For more detailed instructions and additional safety information, please refer to the full safety guide.