Is There a Breathalyzer Test for Marijuana?

The question of whether there exists a breathalyzer test for marijuana has puzzled many. Unlike alcohol testing, marijuana detection often relies on other methods such as saliva tests, blood tests, and drug recognition experts. In this article, we will explore the current state of marijuana detection methods, focusing on the UK, Colorado, and other relevant jurisdictions.

UK: Saliva Tests and Blood Samples

In the UK, there is no breathalyzer test for marijuana. Instead, officers use a drug wipe test at the roadside to screen for the presence of various drugs, including cannabis and cocaine. This drug wipe test involves obtaining a sample of saliva and applying it to a device that contains a reagent in a vial, which is then crushed. The test takes approximately 8 minutes to develop and can detect both cannabis and cocaine/benzoylecgonine.

If a driver fails this initial test, they will be arrested on suspicion of driving with a specified drug above the prescribed limit. At this point, a blood sample is obtained and tested for 17 different drugs. Even though the initial screen tests can detect just two substances, some of these drugs are illicit while others are lawful prescription medications, each with its own specified limit. Properly medicated individuals should not have issues passing the blood test.

Colorado: The Evolving Landscape

Colorado, a state where marijuana is legal, faced the need for a breathalyzer test due to the prevalence of THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) in drivers. Colorado State University was working on a device similar to the breathalyzer for alcohol, but the technology was never marketed as the legal status changed. The focus shifted as weed became legal, and the need for a breathalyzer test diminished.

Other Jurisdictions: Saliva or Verbal Tests?

While the UK and Colorado have specific methods, other jurisdictions like Australia and New Zealand have adopted a different system. For instance, in Australia and New Zealand, officers may take a swab of the tongue to test for marijuana. This method is now being introduced in the UK as well, where roadside drug tests are gradually being implemented.

Field Sobriety Tests: A Complementary Approach

Until lab results are available, officers may rely on field sobriety tests conducted by Drug Recognition Experts (DRE). These tests assess a suspect's physical and mental state and can provide useful indicators of substance use. While these tests are not as precise as a breathalyzer, they can help determine if a driver has been under the influence.

Cryptic but effective, DREs have developed remarkable methods to detect marijuana use that are not typically expected. These methods are based on observation and assessment of a suspect's behavior, coordination, and physiological indicators, providing a reliable means of identifying impairment.

Legislative Implications

The consequences of failing these roadside or laboratory tests can be severe. Failing or refusing to provide a roadside test or laboratory samples can result in prosecution, with penalties that may be as harsh as those for providing a sample over the prescribed limit for a specified drug. This underscores the importance of cooperation with law enforcement during such instances.

As the legal landscape continues to evolve, it is essential for individuals to be aware of the current detection methods and their implications. Whether you are driving in the UK, Colorado, Australia, or elsewhere, understanding these tests can help you make informed decisions to ensure safe driving practices.

Conclusion

The absence of a breathalyzer test for marijuana in many jurisdictions does not eliminate the need for accurate and efficient detection methods. In the UK, saliva tests and blood samples are used to screen for the presence of specific drugs. Other countries, like Australia and New Zealand, have adopted oral swab tests. Regardless of the method, understanding the current detection techniques is crucial for safe driving.

Stay informed and proactive; your knowledge can help you avoid the potential legal consequences of driving under the influence of marijuana.