Is It Possible to Become a Theoretical Physicist Without Formal Education?

I. Introduction

Since the days of Albert Einstein and Max Planck, the pursuit of theoretical physics has required a solid foundation in mathematics and a deep understanding of the fundamental principles of the universe. However, the question of whether one can achieve this esteemed status without formal schooling is not entirely out of bounds. Nobel laureate Gerard ‘tHooft, whose website offers detailed advice, has explored this very topic.

II. The Rigor and Challenges

The path to becoming a theoretical physicist without formal education is not without its challenges. It requires a significant amount of time and effort. While it is possible to build a substantial understanding of the subject, there is no guarantee that you will discover anything new that has not already been known by others. This journey demands a rigorous and disciplined approach, akin to what formal education aims to provide.

III. Focusing on Experimental Observations

Even if you are not skilled in precise measurements and building complex devices, it is crucial to base your understanding on experimental observations. You might not be conducting these experiments yourself, but it is essential to study and replicate them. For instance, starting with the Galileo's experiments on motion without friction is a good place to begin. These foundational experiments can provide a solid base for further learning.

IV. Advanced Mathematical Foundations

To progress, you will need to strengthen your mathematical skills. Begin with a rigorous study of calculus and advanced calculus, and then delve into linear algebra. These mathematical tools are essential for understanding the complexities of physics. You should also work through derivations such as those for Kepler's laws from Newtonian mechanics, which can be a challenging but rewarding task.

V. Expanding Your Knowledge Base

Further expand your knowledge by reading introductory texts on classical mechanics, elasticity, and fluid mechanics. Understanding the different ways to express and work with Newton's laws for complex systems is critical. Additionally, study thermodynamics and statistical mechanics through relevant texts. These subjects will provide a broader understanding of physical phenomena.

VI. Specialized Topics

Specialized topics such as the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution and the specific heats of various materials are also crucial. Observing and experimenting with static electricity and magnetism can help develop an intuitive understanding of these phenomena. Use these observations to motivate the laws of electric circuits and derive Maxwell's equations. This practical knowledge, combined with theoretical derivations from classical electromagnetism, is invaluable.

VII. Theoretical Challenges

When dealing with Maxwell's equations, you might still wonder about their applicability to moving bodies and the structure of atoms. You might also question the stability of systems of separated electrical charges. While these are indeed challenging questions, you should be aware that physicists have been grappling with these issues for over a century. Be wary of popularizations and speculative aspects in "original sources" and focus on the clear and testable parts of the theory.

VIII. Continuation of the Journey

To continue your journey, you can follow the outlines and recommended texts for courses on relativity and quantum theory. Reputable educational institutions or sources like Leonard Susskind's The Theoretical Minimum or Gerard ‘tHooft's How to become a GOOD theoretical physicist can serve as excellent guides.

IX. Conclusion

While the path to becoming a theoretical physicist without formal education is fraught with challenges, it is possible through dedication and hard work. The journey requires a thorough grounding in mathematics and a deep engagement with both theoretical and experimental physics. With perseverance and a passion for the subject, you can make significant contributions to the field of theoretical physics.