How to Safely Install Applications Not Distributed via the Mac App Store

Many applications are distributed outside of the Mac App Store, which can be a convenient option for users looking for specific software or for developers who prefer to host their own downloads. However, it is important to follow the proper procedures to ensure that these installations are done securely. This guide will walk you through the process.

Downloading from the Web

The first step is to find the application. You can usually do this by visiting the developer’s website or a trusted source. The application will often be available as a download in the form of a `.dmg` file, `.pkg` file, or a `.zip` file. Once you have downloaded the file, you need to open it and follow the installation process.

Adjusting Security Settings

macOS has a default setting that only allows applications from the Mac App Store and identified developers to be installed. If you want to install an application from another source, you will need to adjust your security settings. Here's how:

Open System Preferences: Click the Apple menu and select System Preferences.

Go to Security Privacy: This can be found under the Security Privacy section.

Unlock Settings: Click the lock icon in the bottom-left corner and enter your administrator password to make changes.

Allow Apps from Identified Developers: Select this option if you want to allow apps from developers who have been verified by Apple. For third-party apps, you may need to add them individually.

Installing the Application

Once you have made the necessary security adjustments, you can install the application. Here's a step-by-step guide:

Find the App: Locate the downloaded file in the Finder. It will usually be in your Downloads folder.

Opening the App: Right-click (control-click) the app and select Open. A dialog box will appear, asking if you want to open the file. Confirm that you want to do so.

Install the App: For `.dmg` files, double-click the .dmg file to open it. Drag the app icon to the Applications folder. For `.pkg` files, run the installer and follow the on-screen instructions. For `.zip` files, extract them into your desired location.

Gatekeeper and Security

macOS uses a feature called Gatekeeper to ensure that only trusted software runs on your Mac. It is important to be cautious when installing applications from outside the Mac App Store to avoid malicious software. Always download apps from reputable sources, and verify the developer's credentials if possible.

Updating Third-Party Apps

Once an app is installed, you may need to update it, especially if it's a third-party app. Here are some options:

Manual Updates: Check the developer’s website or the app itself for updates.

Third-Party Tools: Tools like Homebrew or MacUpdate can help manage and update apps installed from outside the Mac App Store.

By following these steps, you can safely install and maintain applications not distributed via the Mac App Store. Remember to stay vigilant and maintain good security practices to protect your system and data.