Dominance in SAARC: India and Its Role in Regional Integration

The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) has faced numerous challenges that have hindered its effectiveness. The organization, intended to promote economic, social, and cultural development among its members, has struggled to achieve its objectives. Key among these challenges is the India-Pakistan rivalry, which has been a source of political tension and conflict.

Prime Cause: The India-Pakistan Rivalry

The ongoing rivalry between India and Pakistan has been one of the primary obstacles to SAARC's success. This tension has been exacerbated by significant events such as the URI attack in 2016 and the Pulwama attack in 2019, which have strained relations and hampered efforts towards regional cooperation. These incidents have further fueled mistrust and apprehension among the member states.

India's Dominance and Territorial Influence

Despite these challenges, India is undeniably the largest and most influential country in the South Asian region. India's dominance is not solely based on its size but also on its extensive territory, population, and diverse cultural landscape. India is home to a vast network of ethnic groups and rich historical and cultural heritage. Its significant natural resources add to the overall dominance, making it a pivotal player within the region.

India's Contribution to SAARC

India's role in SAARC cannot be overstated. It is one of the primary financial donors and a driving force behind regional cooperative initiatives. The country's substantial contribution is critical for the success of any strategic alliance in the region. India's leadership and participation are essential for the effective implementation of SAARC's goals and objectives.

Necessity for Regional Integration

Given the importance of regional integration, there is a clear need to revive SAARC 2.0 or consider BIMSTEC (Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation) as alternative platforms for regional cooperation. These initiatives aim to foster a sense of unity and mutual trust among the member states, which is essential for the long-term stability and prosperity of the region.

Healing Wounds through Trust and Reconciliation

For SAARC to be truly effective, India and other member countries must focus on rebuilding trust and fostering a more collaborative environment. One approach that can be considered is the adoption of the Gujral Doctrine, which emphasizes the importance of shared values and peaceful coexistence among nations. By adopting this approach, India can gradually shed its 'big brother' role and work towards a more inclusive and cooperative regional framework.

Conclusion

In conclusion, while India's dominance in SAARC is evident, it is also crucial to emphasize that regional cooperation should not be based on supremacy but rather on mutual respect and shared interests. The revival of SAARC or the adoption of alternative platforms such as BIMSTEC presents a viable path towards regional integration and cooperation, ensuring a brighter and more prosperous future for South Asia.