Did the Amalgamation of Nigeria North and South Protectorate in 1914 Serve the British Empire’s Selfish Interests?

The amalgamation of the Northern and Southern protectorates of Nigeria in 1914 marked a significant turning point in the history of this West African nation. The decision, which has been subject to scrutiny, has sparked debates on whether it served the selfish interests of the British Empire.

Context and Background

Before the amalgamation, Nigeria was divided into two protectorates: the Southern Protectorate and the Northern Protectorate. Each protectorate had its own administration, laws, and governance structures. The British, through their Zikiri Commission, initially aimed to unify the protectorates, but the process was slow and met with resistance from various indigenous groups.

Greed and Selfish Interests

From the outset, greed played a significant role in the decisions and actions of all parties involved. Native kingdoms, chiefdoms, petit-tribes, and caliphates all signed treaties with the British that were exclusive. However, these same groups also signed exclusive treaties with other European powers, such as Germany and France, for large amounts of money, gin, and guns. This mutual exploitation and self-interest underscored the complex socio-political landscape that existed at the time.

The Amalgamation Process

Despite the initial reservations, the British administration under Lord Frederick Lugard proceeded with the amalgamation in 1914. The reasoning behind this decision was multifaceted. On one hand, it was presented as a move to bring stability and modernization to the region. On the other hand, there were clear indications of a selfish agenda to consolidate British power and control over a vast territory.

Positive Outcomes and Impacts

The amalgamation did bring notable improvements in infrastructure, particularly in the realm of transportation and communication. Key infrastructure developments included:

Roads: Significant improvements were made to existing roads, making them more accessible and navigable for both trade and communication. Navigable Rivers and Coastline: Rivers were made navigable, enhancing the ease of transportation and trade. Well-equipped ports were established along the coastline, further facilitating trade and commerce. Train System: A railway network was developed, significantly improving the movement of goods and people across the region.

These infrastructure developments undoubtedly benefited the British empire, as they facilitated the transportation of goods and resources, enhanced trade, and improved military control over the region.

Controversial Aspects and Human Nature

While the amalgamation brought infrastructural improvements, it also facilitated the exploitation of the region's resources and people. The greed of all parties involved is a testament to human nature. Indigenous leaders, for their own political and economic gain, entered into agreements that ultimately served the interests of the British. Similarly, the British administration, driven by the desire for imperial control and expansion, enacted policies that aligned with their strategic objectives.

It is essential to recognize that the amalgamation was not merely a move to bring infrastructure improvements. The decision was influenced by the British desire to maintain and expand their colonial interests in a strategic and economically viable manner. The exploitation and self-interest of all parties involved are inextricably linked to this historical event.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the amalgamation of Nigeria's North and South protectorates in 1914 undoubtedly served the selfish interests of the British Empire. While it brought some improvements in infrastructure, the overarching goal was to consolidate power, exploit resources, and maintain dominance over a vast and valuable region. Understanding this historical context is crucial for comprehending the lasting impact of colonialism on Nigeria and beyond.