Comparing Gripen NG/E Radar and Avionics to the F-35: Software, Modular Systems, and Unparalleled Situational Awareness

The ongoing discussions on stealth and advanced avionics capabilities often focus on comparing fighters from different generations. While many debates revolve around the “fourth generation” label of the Gripen E/F versus the “fifth generation” F-35, it is important to delve deeper into the specifics of radar and avionics systems.

Radar Capabilities: Beyond the “Fourth Generation” Label

Both the legacy Gripen C/D and the newer Gripen E/F can be equipped with a very sophisticated Gallium Nitride (GaN) AESA (Active Electronically Scanned Array) radar. This radar system is not just an add-on but a key component of the Gripen's advanced avionics suite. While the specific availability of GaN AESA radar may not yet be public knowledge, its presence in the Gripen E/F can significantly enhance the fighter's situational awareness and combat effectiveness.

Gripen E/F’s Advanced Avionics and EW Capability

The AREXIS EW System in the Gripen E/F represents a significant leap in electronic warfare capabilities. Developed by SAAB, the AREXIS system is highly effective and has been chosen as a basis for the conversion of Eurofighter Typhoons into “Elektronischer Kampf” (Electronic Combat) versions. This EW system complements the advanced AESA radar, contributing to a formidable situational awareness platform.

Advanced Sensor Fusion and Software

Both the Gripen E/F and the F-35 utilize highly advanced sensor fusion technology across various platforms. However, the software that underpins this integration is what truly sets both fighters apart. SAAB's software excels in this area, providing pilots with an unprecedented level of situational awareness and enabling them to achieve Beyond Visual Range (BVR) engagements even from remote data sources. The ability to shoot Meteor or AMRAAM missiles based on any available data—whether it's passive radar, Infra-Red Search and Track (IRST), or data from a network of interconnected platforms—demonstrates the sophistication of the software.

Networked Operations and Stealth Targets

A notable feature of the Gripen E/F is its ability to track and engage passive stealth targets using passive tactics in both air and ground/sea environments. This involves a highly coordinated approach between the aircraft and the networked platforms. During joint and parallel developments, the tactics and technology are refined to the point where the Gripen can operate in a passive mode, receiving data without transmitting. This approach is designed to minimize the radar and electronic warfare (EW) footprint, enhancing the fighter's stealth capabilities.

Comparison with the F-35

When discussing the F-35, it's popular to focus on its “fifth generation” label, often in a somewhat derisive manner. However, the Gripen E/F actually ticks off most of the boxes typically associated with “fifth generation” fighters, including advanced avionics, sensor fusion, and software-enabled integration. The F-35, while capable, is optimized primarily as a light bomber and strike aircraft, with limitations regarding internal weapon carriage. The Gripen E/F, on the other hand, offers a more diverse and capable platform, with a maximum loadout of seven Meteors at a cost that is significantly lower than the F-35's and a much lower operating cost per flight hour.

The Software Factor: The Unsung Hero

Absent from many comparisons are the critical roles played by software in the effective operation of these fighters. The quality of the software that analyzes sensor data is paramount. Without sophisticated software, the signals from the radar and other sensors would be rendered noise. This software is what turns raw data into actionable intelligence, making targets and threats visible and manageable. In this context, the modular approach to software and hardware in the Gripen E/F has proven to be highly effective, serving as a model for future sixth-generation fighters.

Conclusion

The Gripen E/F is certainly the most underestimated fighter in the world today. Its advanced avionics, including the latest GaN AESA radar and powerful EW suite, combined with highly sophisticated sensor fusion and software, set it apart from the F-35 and other fifth-generation fighters. While the F-35 excels in certain aspects, the Gripen E/F offers a more versatile and cost-effective solution, making it a compelling choice for air forces around the world.

That being said, a thorough comparison requires a nuanced understanding of the specific capabilities and operational scenarios each fighter excels in. Whether in terms of stealth, sensor fusion, or cost-effectiveness, the Gripen E/F presents a compelling alternative to the F-35, driven by cutting-edge technology and a modular design that promises longevity and adaptability.